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19-2601; Rev 1; 2/04
IF Digitally Controlled Variable-Gain Amplifier
General Description
The MAX2027 high-performance, digitally controlled variable-gain amplifier is designed for use from 50MHz to 400MHz. The device integrates a digitally controlled attenuator and a high-linearity IF amplifier in one package. Targeted for IF signal chains to adjust gain either dynamically or as a one-time channel gain setting, the MAX2027 is ideal for applications requiring high performance. The attenuator provides 23dB of attenuation range with 0.05dB state-to-state accuracy. The MAX2027 is available in a thermally enhanced 20pin TSSOP-EP package and operates over the -40C to +85C temperature range. 50MHz to 400MHz Frequency Range Variable Gain: -8dB to +15dB Output IP3: 35dBm (at All Gain Settings) Noise Figure: 4.7dB at Maximum Gain Digitally Controlled Gain with 1dB Resolution and 0.05dB State-to-State Accuracy
Features
MAX2027
Ordering Information
PART MAX2027EUP-T TEMP RANGE -40C to +85C PIN-PACKAGE 20 TSSOP-EP*
*EP = exposed pad.
Applications
Cellular Base Stations Receiver Gain Control Transmitter Gain Control Broadband Systems Automatic Test Equipment Terrestrial Links
VCC RF_IN GND GND B4 B3 B2 B1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 VCC 1
Pin Configuration/ Functional Diagram
20 GND
MAX2027
19 GND 18 ATTNOUT 17 GND 16 GND 15 AMPIN
ATTENUATION LOGIC CONTROL
AMP BIAS
14 IBIAS 13 ISET 12 RF_OUT 11 VCC
B0 10
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
1
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com.
IF Digitally Controlled Variable-Gain Amplifier MAX2027
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
All Pins Input Voltage (except AMPIN, IBIAS, and ISET) to GND................................................................-0.3V to +5.5V Input Voltage Levels (B0-B4).....................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.5V) Input Voltage Levels (AMPIN and IBIAS)................-0.3V to +1.5V Input Voltage Levels (ISET) ....................................-0.3V to +1.0V RF Input Signal .................................................................20dBm RF Output Signal...............................................................22dBm Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) 20-Pin TSSOP-EP (derate 21.7mW/C above +70C) ..................................1.7W Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40C to +85C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65C to +165C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300C
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(Typical application circuit, VCC = +4.75V to +5.25V, GND = 0V. No RF signals applied, and RF input and output ports are terminated with 50. R1 = 825, TA = -40C to +85C. Typical values are at VCC = +5V and TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER SUPPLY Supply Voltage Supply Current ISET Current CONTROL INPUTS/OUTPUTS Control Bits Input Logic High Input Logic Low Input Leakage Current -1.2 Parallel (Note 3) 2 0.6 +1.2 5 Bits V V A VCC ICC ISET 4.75 5.00 60 0.9 5.25 75 V mA mA SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
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IF Digitally Controlled Variable-Gain Amplifier
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(Typical application circuit without matching, VCC = +4.75V to +5.25V, GND = 0V, max gain (B0 = B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = 0), R1 = 825, POUT = 5dBm, fIN = 50MHz, 50 RF system impedance. Typical values are at VCC = +5V and TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER Frequency Range Gain Noise Figure Minimum Reverse Isolation Output 1dB Compression Point 2nd-Order Output Intercept Point 3rd-Order Output Intercept Point 2nd Harmonic 3rd Harmonic RF Gain-Control Range Gain-Control Resolution Attenuation Absolute Accuracy Attenuation Relative Accuracy Gain Drift Over Temperature Compared to the ideal expected attenuation Between adjacent states TA = -40C to +85C Peak-to-peak for all settings, FCENTER = 75MHz Peak-to-peak for all settings, FCENTER = 200MHz Attenuator Switching Time Input Return Loss Output Return Loss 50% control to 90% RF fR = 50MHz to 250MHz, all gain conditions fR = 50MHz to 250MHz, all gain conditions P1dB OIP2 OIP3 2fIN 3fIN SYMBOL fR G NF No attenuation Max gain Max gain Max gain f1 + f2, f1 = 50MHz, f2 = 51MHz, 5dBm/tone All gain conditions, 5dBm/tone CONDITIONS MIN 50 15.5 4.7 22 20.6 42 34.7 -44 -68 23 1 0.15/ -0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 dB 0.2 40 15 15 ns dB dB TYP MAX 400 UNITS MHz dB dB dB dBm dBm dBm dBc dBc dB dB dB dB dB
MAX2027
Gain Flatness Over 50MHz BW
Note 1: Guaranteed by design and characterization. Note 2: All limits reflect losses of external components. Output measurements are taken at RF OUT using the typical application circuit.
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IF Digitally Controlled Variable-Gain Amplifier MAX2027
Typical Operating Characteristics
(Typical application circuit, VCC = 5.0V, max gain (B0 = B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = 0), POUT = 5dBm, R1 = 825, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2027 toc01
INPUT RETURN LOSS vs. RF FREQUENCY (ALL STATES)
MAX2027 toc02
OUTPUT RETURN LOSS vs. RF FREQUENCY (ALL STATES)
MAX2027 toc03
68 66 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 TEMPERATURE (C) VCC = 4.75V VCC = 5.25V VCC = 5.0V
0 5 INPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) 10 15 20 25 30 35 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
0 5 OUTPUT RETURN LOSS (dB) 10 15 20 25 30 35
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FREQUENCY (MHz)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
GAIN vs. RF FREQUENCY (ALL STATES)
MAX2027 toc04
REVERSE ISOLATION vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2027 toc05
20 15 10 GAIN (dB) 5 0 -5 -10 -15 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
35 30 REVERSE ISOLATION (dB) 25 20 15 10 5
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350
400
FREQUENCY (MHz)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2027 toc06
GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
17 16 GAIN (dB) VCC = 4.75V, 5.0V, AND 5.25V
MAX2027 toc07
18 17 16 GAIN (dB) 15 14 13 12 11 10 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 TA = +85C TA = -40C TA = +25C
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15 14 13 12 11 10 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
400
FREQUENCY (MHz)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
4
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IF Digitally Controlled Variable-Gain Amplifier MAX2027
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(Typical application circuit, VCC = 5.0V, max gain (B0 = B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = 0), POUT = 5dBm, R1 = 825, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
ATTENUATION ABSOLUTE ACCURACY (ALL STATES)
MAX2027 toc08
ATTENUATION RELATIVE ACCURACY (ALL STATES)
MAX2027 toc09
NOISE FIGURE vs. FREQUENCY
6.5 6.0 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C
MAX2027 toc10
1.0 0.8 ABSOLUTE ACCURACY (dB) 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
1.0 0.8 RELATIVE ACCURACY (dB) 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0
7.0
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FREQUENCY (MHz)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
OUTPUT P-1dB vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2027 toc11
OUTPUT P-1dB vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2027 toc12
23 22 OUTPUT P-1dB (dBm) 21 20 19 TA = -40C 18 17 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 TA = +85C TA = +25C
23 22 OUTPUT P-1dB (dBm) 21 20 19 18 17 VCC= +4.75V VCC = +5V
VCC = +5.25V
400
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350
400
FREQUENCY (MHz)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
OUTPUT IP3 vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2027 toc13
OUTPUT IP3 vs. FREQUENCY
PRF1 = PRF2 = 5dBm AT OUTPUT, f = 1MHz
MAX2027 toc14
40
PRF1 = PRF2 = 5dBm AT OUTPUT, f = 1MHz
40
38 TA = -40C OIP3 (dBm) 36 TA = +25C
38 VCC = +5.25V
OIP3 (dBm)
36
34
TA = +85C
34 VCC = +5V 32
VCC = +4.75V
32
30 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 FREQUENCY (MHz)
30 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 FREQUENCY (MHz)
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IF Digitally Controlled Variable-Gain Amplifier MAX2027
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(Typical application circuit, VCC = 5.0V, max gain (B0 = B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = 0), POUT = 5dBm, R1 = 825, TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
INPUT IP3 vs. ATTENUATION STATE
MAX2027 toc15
2ND HARMONIC vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2027 toc16
2ND HARMONIC vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2027 toc17
45 40 35 IIP3 (dBm) 30 25 20 15 0 4 8 12 16 20 PRF1 = PRF2 = 5dBm AT OUTPUT, f = 1MHz
-30 -35 HARMONIC (dBc) -40 -45 -50 TA = +85C -55 -60 TA = -40C
-30 -35 HARMONIC (dBc) -40 -45 -50 -55 -60
fIN = 400MHz fIN = 50MHz
TA = +25C
VCC = +5.25V
fIN = 200MHz
VCC = +4.75V VCC = +5V
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ATTENUATION STATE
FREQUENCY (MHz)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
O1P2 vs. FREQUENCY (F1 + F2)
MAX2027 toc18
O1P2 vs. FREQUENCY (F1 + F2)
51 49 O1P2 (dBm) 47 45 43 41 39 37 VCC = +5.25V VCC = +5.0V PRF1 = PRF2 = 5dBm AT OUTPUT, f = 1MHz VCC = +4.75V
MAX2027 toc19
51 49 O1P2 (dBm) 47 45 43
PRF1 = PRF2 = 5dBm AT OUTPUT, f = 1MHz
TA = +85C
TA = +25C 41 39 37 50 100 150 200 250
TA = -40C
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400
FREQUENCY (MHz)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
3RD HARMONIC vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2027 toc20
3RD HARMONIC vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2027 toc21
-55 -60 HARMONIC (dBc) -65 -70 -75 -80 -85 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
-55 -60 VCC = +5V HARMONIC (dBc) -65 -70 -75 -80 -85
TA = -40C TA = +25C
VCC = +4.75V
TA = +85C
VCC = +5.25V
400
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FREQUENCY (MHz)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
6
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IF Digitally Controlled Variable-Gain Amplifier
Pin Description
PIN 1, 2, 11 3 4, 5, 16, 17, 19, 20, EP 6-10 12 13 14 15 18 NAME VCC RF_IN GND B4-B0 RF_OUT ISET IBIAS AMPIN ATTNOUT FUNCTION Power Supply. Bypass to GND with capacitors as close to the pin as possible as shown in the typical application circuit (Figure 1). Signal Input. See the typical application circuit for recommended component values. Requires an external DC-blocking capacitor. Ground. Use low-inductance layout techniques on PC board. Solder the exposed pad evenly to the board ground plane. Gain-Control Bits. See Table 3 for gain setting. Signal Output. Requires an external pullup choke inductor (52mA typical current) to VCC along with a DC-blocking capacitor (Figure 1). Connect an 825 resistor from ISET to GND. Amplifier Bias. Connect to AMPIN (pin 15) through a choke inductor (0.3mA typ). Amplifier Input. Requires a DC-coupling capacitor to allow biasing. Attenuator Output. Requires an external DC-blocking capacitor.
MAX2027
Detailed Description
The MAX2027 is a high-performance, digitally controlled variable-gain amplifier for use in applications from 50MHz to 400MHz. The MAX2027 incorporates a digital attenuator with a 23dB selectable attenuation range followed by a fixedgain, high-linearity amplifier. The attenuator is digitally controlled through five logic lines: B0-B4. This on-chip attenuator provides up to 23dB of attenuation with 0.05dB state-to-state accuracy. The fixed-gain amplifier utilizes negative feedback to achieve high stability, gain, linearity, and wide bandwidth.
Table 1. Suggested Components of Typical Application Circuit
COMPONENT C1, C3, C4 C2, C5 C6, C7 C10 R1 R2-R6 L1 L2 VALUE 1000pF 100pF 0.1F 0.047F 825 1% 47k 330nH 680nH SIZE 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0805 1008
Applications Information
Input and Output Matching
The MAX2027 incorporates on-chip input and output matching for operation below 250MHz. Use a DC-blocking capacitor value of 1000pF for pins 3, 12, and 18 (see Figure 1). For operation above 250MHz, external matching improves performance. Table 1 and Table 2 provide recommended components for device operation.
Table 2. Suggested Matching Components
FREQUENCY 300MHz 400MHz COMPONENT L3, L4 C8, C9 L3, L4 C8, C9 VALUE 11nH 6.8pF 8.7nH 5pF SIZE 0603 0603 0603 0603
Digitally Controlled Attenuator
The digital attenuator is controlled through five logic lines: B0, B1, B2, B3, and B4. Table 3 lists the attenuation settings. The input and output of this attenuator require external DC-blocking capacitors. This attenuator insertion loss is 2dB when the attenuator is set to 0dB (B0 = B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = 0).
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IF Digitally Controlled Variable-Gain Amplifier MAX2027
VCC C7 C1 RF IN C8* VCC R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 L3* C2
1 2 3 4 5 B4 B3 6 7 8 9 10 ATTENUATION LOGIC CONTROL AMP BIAS EXPOSED PADDLE
20
MAX2027
19 L4* 18 17 16 L1 15 14 13 12 11 L2 AMPIN IBIAS ISET R1 ATTNOUT C3
C9*
CONTROL INPUTS
C10 RF OUT C4
B2 B1 B0
VCC *OPTIONAL COMPONENTS: USE TO IMPROVE HIGHER FREQUENCY MATCHING C5 C6
Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit
Fixed-Gain Amplifier
The MAX2027 integrates a fixed-gain amplifier in a negative feedback topology. This fixed-gain amplifier is optimized for a frequency range of operation from 50MHz to 400MHz with a high-output third-order intercept point (OIP3). The bias current is chosen to optimize the IP3 of the amplifier. When R1 is 825, the current consumption is 60mA while exhibiting a typical 35dBm output IP3.
Choke Inductor
The fixed-gain amplifier output port requires an external pullup choke inductor to VCC. At the input, connect a bias inductor of 330nH from AMPIN (pin 15) to IBIAS (pin 14). At the output, connect a 680nH choke inductor from RF_OUT (pin 12) to VCC (pin 11) to provide bias current to the amplifier.
tance. For the best performance, route the ground pin traces directly to the exposed pad under the package. The PC board exposed pad must be connected to the ground plane of the PC board. It is suggested that multiple vias be used to connect this pad to the lower level ground planes. This method provides a good RF/thermal conduction path for the device. Solder the exposed pad on the bottom of the device package to the PC board. The MAX2027 Evaluation Kit can be used as a reference for board layout. Gerber files are available upon request at www.maxim-ic.com.
Power-Supply Bypassing
Proper voltage-supply bypassing is essential for highfrequency circuit stability. Bypass each VCC pin with a 0.1F and 100pF capacitor. Connect the 100pF capacitor as close to VCC pins as possible.
Layout Considerations
A properly designed PC board is an essential part of any RF/microwave circuit. Keep RF signal lines as short as possible to reduce losses, radiation, and induc-
Exposed Pad RF/Thermal Considerations
The exposed paddle (EP) of the MAX2027's 20-pin TSSOP-EP package provides a low thermal-resistance path to the die. It is important that the PC board on
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IF Digitally Controlled Variable-Gain Amplifier
Table 3. Attenuation Setting vs. GainControl Bits
ATTENUATION (dB) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 B4 B3* (16dB) (8dB) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X B2 (4dB) 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 B1 (2dB) 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 B0 (1dB) 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
MAX2027
Chip Information
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 325
*Enabling B4 disables B3, and the minimum attenuation is 16dB.
which the MAX2027 is mounted be designed to conduct heat from the EP. In addition, provide the EP with a low-inductance path to electrical ground. The EP must be soldered to a ground plane on the PC board, either directly or through an array of plated via holes.
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IF Digitally Controlled Variable-Gain Amplifier MAX2027
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
PACKAGE OUTLINE, TSSOP, 4.40 MM BODY EXPOSED PAD
21-0108
D
1
1
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
10 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 (c) 2004 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.
TSSOP 4.4mm BODY.EPS

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